Effects of exercise on periodontal parameters in obese women.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated an association between obesity, periodontitis, and exercise. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular exercise on obese women with periodontal disease, using serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. A before-after study design was adopted to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of regular exercise on obese women grouped according to periodontal status, without a control group (no exercise). The study sample comprised of 15 patients without periodontitis (NP group) and 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group), from whom periodontal parameters were measured and serum, saliva, and GCF samples were collected. Body mass index (BMI), anthropometric measurements, somatotype-motoric tests, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were recorded at baseline and after exercise. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Med Calc was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After exercise, a significant decrease in BMI and a significant increase in VO2max were observed in both groups. A significant decrease in probing depth and clinical attachment loss, serum leptin, GCF tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and leptin, and a significant increase in GCF resistin were observed in the CP group. A significant decrease in serum TNF-α and leptin levels and a significant increase in serum resistin and GCF TNF-α, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels were observed in the NP group. Significant correlations between bleeding on probing and levels of interleukin-1ß and leptin in GCF were observed in the CP group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that regular exercise exerts different impacts with respect to clinical and biochemical aspects of periodontal and systemic conditions in obese women.

High levels of heavy metal accumulation in dental calculus of smokers: a pilot inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Various trace elements, including toxic heavy metals, may exist in dental calculus. However, the effect of environmental factors on heavy metal composition of dental calculus is unknown. Smoking is a major environmental source for chronic toxic heavy metal exposition. The aim of this study is to compare toxic heavy metal accumulation levels in supragingival dental calculus of smokers and non-smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 29 supragingival dental calculus samples were obtained from non-smoker (n = 14) and smoker (n = 15) individuals. Subjects with a probability of occupational exposure were excluded from the study. Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in terms of 26 metals and metalloids, including toxic heavy metals. RESULTS: Toxic heavy metals, arsenic (p < 0.05), cadmium (p < 0.05), lead (p < 0.01), manganese (p < 0.01) and vanadium (p < 0.01) levels were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers. The levels of other examined elements were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the elementary composition of dental calculus may be affected by environmental factors such as tobacco smoke. Therefore, dental calculus may be utilized as a non-invasive diagnostic biological material for monitoring chronic oral heavy metal exposition. However, further studies are required to evaluate its diagnostic potential.

Systemic moxifloxacin vs amoxicillin/metronidazole adjunct to non-surgical treatment in generalized aggressive periodontitis

BACKGROUND: The objective of this randomized clinical study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of moxifloxacin compared to amoxicillin and metronidazole, combined with non-surgical treatment in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) in a 6-month follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 39 systemically healthy patients with GAgP were evaluated in this randomized clinical trial. Periodontal parameters were recorded at the baseline during the 1st , 3 rd and 6th month. Patients received either 400 mg of moxifloxacin per os once daily or 500 mg of metronidazole and 500 mg amoxicillin per os three times daily for 7 days consecutively. RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were found in any parameters at the baseline. Both groups led to a statistically significant decrease in all clinical periodontal parameters compared to the baseline (PI, p < 0.001 and GI, PD, BOP, CAL, p < 0.01). There were no differences between the 1st and 3rd months or the 3rd and 6th months for clinical parameters in the groups. Also, no intergroup difference was observed in any parameters at any time, except the gingival index at 6th months. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of moxifloxacin as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment significantly improves clinical outcomes and provides comparable clinical improvement with less adverse events to that of combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole in the treatment of GAgP

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Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma of maxilla in a patient with aggressive periodontitis.

Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma is a reactive and rare lesion of oral cavity with unknown etiology which is derived from periosteum and periodontal ligament and occurs frequently in young adults. Inflammation or trauma is underlying causative factor of reactive proliferation. In the present case report, a 35 year-old male with aggressive periodontitis and peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma is presented. The patient applied to our clinic with a complaining about a big nodule at his palate. The lesion was pedunculated and localized at his right maxilla between #16 and #17 which arose from distal aspect of #16, and the surface of the lesion was hyperkeratotic and the lesion was measured 22 x 30 mm at the largest diameter. He also had severe generalized aggressive periodontitis and hypertension. Amoxicillin clavulanate 625 mg, three times a day, metronidazole 500 mg three times a day and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate oral rinse, twice a day for a week, were prescribed to the patient. Then, scaling and root planing were performed along with systemic antibiotic treatment and he scheduled for surgery. The lesion was excised completely and #16 was extracted. After the healing period, periodontal surgery was planned for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. Obtained tissue specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The diagnosis of peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma was confirmed with histopathological examination. No intra- and post-operative complications were seen.